WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

    Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitats. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike.^[1] Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.

According to the National Wildlife Federation, wildlife in the United States gets a majority of their funding through appropriations from the federal budget, annual federal and state grants, and financial efforts from programs such as the Conservation Reserve Program, Wetlands Reserve Program and Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program. Furthermore, a substantial amount of funding comes from the state through the sale of hunting/fishing licenses, game tags, stamps, and excise taxes from the purchase of hunting equipment and ammunition, which collects around $200 million annually.

Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because of several reasons.Some of The reasons can be, that 1. the species have a very low population, or 2. they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters  

Major dangers to wildlifeClimate change:                                                        Climate change:                                                                            Global warming is making hot days hotter, rainfall and flooding heavier, hurricanes stronger and droughts more severe. This intensification of weather and climate extremes will be the most visible impact of global warming in our everyday lives. It is also causing dangerous changes to the landscape of our world, adding stress to wildlife species and their habitat. Since many types of plants and animals have specific habitat requirements, climate change could cause disastrous loss of wildlife species. A slight drop or rise in average rainfall will translate into large seasonal changes. Hibernating mammals, reptiles, amphibians and insects are harmed and disturbed. Plants and wildlife are sensitive to moisture change so, they will be harmed by any change in moisture level. Natural phenomena like floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, lightning, forest fir

• Unregulated Hunting and poaching: Unregulated hunting and poaching causes a major threat to wildlife. Along with this, mismanagement of forest department and forest guards triggers this problem.
• Pollution: Pollutants released into the environment are ingested by a wide variety of organisms. Pesticides and toxic chemical being widely used, making the environment toxic to certain plants, insects, and rodents.
• Perhaps the largest threat is the extreme growing indifference of the public to wildlife, conservation and environmental issues in general.^[8] Over-exploitation of resources, i.e., exploitation of wild populations for food has resulted in population crashes (over-fishing and over-grazing for example).
• Over exploitation is the over use of wildlife and plant species by people for food, clothing, pets, medicine, sport and many other purposes. People have always depended on wildlife and plants for food, clothing, medicine, shelter and many other needs. But today we are taking more than the natural world can supply. The danger is that if we take too many individuals of a species from their natural environment, the species may no longer be able to survive. The loss of one species can affect many other species in an ecosystem. The hunting, trapping, collecting and fishing of wildlife at unsustainable levels is not something new. The passenger pigeon was hunted to extinction, early in the last century, and over-hunting nearly caused the extinction of the American bison and several species of whales.
• Deforestation: Humans are continually expanding and developing, leading to an invasion of wildlife habitats. As humans continue to grow they clear forested land to crewe more space. This stresses wildlife populations as there are fewer homes and food sources to survive off of.

              

Wildlife conservation as a government involvement

In 1972, the Government of India enacted a law called the Wild Life (Protection) Act.The World Conservation Strategy was developed in 1980 by the "International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources" (IUCN) with advice, cooperation and financial assistance of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Wildlife Fund and in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco)"^[9] The strategy aims to "provide an intellectual framework and practical guidance for conservation actions."^[9] This thorough guidebook covers everything from the intended "users" of the strategy to its very priorities. It even includes a map section containing areas that have large seafood consumption and are therefore endangered by over fishing. The main sections are as follows:

The marking off of a sea turtle nest. Anna Maria, FL. 2012

• 
  
• The objectives of conservation and requirements for their achievement:

1. Maintenance of essential ecological processes and life-support systems.
2. Preservation of genetic diversity that is flora and fauna.
3. Sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems.

• 
  
• Priorities for national action:

1. A framework for national and sub-national conservation strategies.
2. Policy making and the integration of conservation and development.
3. Environmental planning and rational use allocation.

• 
  
• Priorities for international action:

1. International action: law and assistance.
2. Tropical forests and dry lands.
3. A global programme for the protection of genetic resource areas.

Map sections:

1. Tropical forests
2. Deserts and areas subject to desertification.

CHANGES IN NATURE

Changes Related to People

            Personnel Change

Sometimes people changes are a direct result of other organizational changes.  At other times, companies simply seek to change worker’s attitudes and behaviors in order to increase their effectiveness.  Bateman and Zeithaml suggest that attempting a strategic change, introducing a new technology, and other changes in the work environment may affect people’s attitudes (sometimes in a negative way).  Frequently, management initiates programs with a conscious goal of directly and positively changing the people themselves.  The science of organization development deals with changing people.  This may be through on the job through techniques such as education and training, team building, and career planning.
           
                Culture Change

Culture change within an organization aims at changing the behavior patterns of the organization’s employees.  Some examples of culture change include reward-and-recognition programs, employee empowerment, and training.  These programs attempt to improve motivation, improve decision-making skills, and increase sensitivity to diversity issues.

        People-centered Change

People-centered process changes attempt to alter the attitudes, behaviors, skills, or performance of employees within an organization.  Communication, employee motivation, leadership, and group interaction are some primary focuses of people-centered change.  This type of change may affect the employees and their behaviors in many areas.  Some examples are improved problem-solving skills, the way employees learn new skills, and how employees perceive themselves, their jobs, and the organization.

            Social Change

“Social change refers to the modification of established relationships in the organization.  Social change encompasses the large set of goals that organizations establish around people.  This includes an empowered workforce, collaborative work arrangements, and matching personal fulfillment to organizational needs.”

   

 Customer Relationship Management

Customer relationship management intends to create processes that will build customer loyalty to the organization, which increases profits.  Customer relationships can be increased through marketing, employee professional development, or and improved customer service.

 Changes Related to Organizations

            Leadership Change

Leadership transitions are critical moments.  Transitions in leadership offer an opportunity to make changes in many areas of the organization.  The situation is fluid or, in Lewin’s framework of organizational change, ‘unfrozen.’  “The transition is an occasion to rethink the commitment to the present agenda, to reflect on roads not taken in the past, and to review        

Structural Change

Changes within an organization’s structure can occur due to external influences.  Structural changes may involve structural characteristics, administrative procedures, or management systems.  They may involve simple policy changes or be as complex as a complete restructuring of the management hierarchy.

future choices.  Many significant changes – in policy, people, organizational structure, procedures – are more easily introduced simultaneously with a leadership change

Reengineering

Change centered on reengineering focuses on making major structural change to the organization.  Implementations of these changes typically focus on everyday tasks or procedures.  The goal is to substantially improve productivity, efficiency, quality, or customer satisfaction.

            Incremental Organizational Change

“Incremental change is a step-by-step approach to re-designing an organization.”  Each small increment that is changed produces changes in other parts of the organization.  By changing specific processes or details in portions, the entire organization changes over time.

             Fundamental Organizational Change

When major organizational changes are necessary and time constraints are a significant factor, a more radical transformation becomes essential.  Fundamental organizational change focuses on changing major characteristics of the entire organization rather than specific parts.

   

        Divestiture

Business divestiture means that a firm disposes a significant part of its assets.  This may result in the sell-off or dissolution of whole business units, or divisions.  ‘Tactical’ divestors and ‘distress’ divestors appear to focus directly on the short-term.  In contrast, the ‘strategic’ divestors appear to take a broader view triggering a reevaluation of the organizational strategy.

            Rules Change

“We live in a world of ever-increasing change.  Instant communications, global web connectivity, email, cell phones, and other tools have increased the pace of our lives dramatically.  Despite these changes, we typically adjust to new circumstances without changing the basic way we conduct our business.  We assume that the rules of our business have not fundamentally changed - we just have to "work smarter" to keep up.

That may not always be the case.  Sometimes the basic rules of the game shift.  No one announces the shift.  Some people and companies simply start to work with it and begin to achieve new levels of success.  This phenomenon is known as a "paradigm shift.”  Many people use the term loosely - but very few actually understand it until it becomes the brick wall that stands in the way of progress.

Not all rule changes are based on technology.  A current economic paradigm shift is the movement of production to off-shore providers.”

ELEMENTS OF NATURE

                                                                                                                                                   Earth (Bhumi)

The first element of panchamahabhuta is “Earth” which is translated at Bhumi in Sanskrit. This element is perceived by five senses that are Hearing, Smell, Taste, Touch and Sight. The physical body with muscle,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Water (Jala)     

The second most important element is “water”, jala in Sanskrit. This element has no odor (smell) but can be heard, felt, seen and tasted. In human body, blood and other fluid are refer to Water.
                                                                                                                                   Fire(Agni)                      

The next higher element in human body is “fire”, agni in Sanskrit. In human body the temperature, jatharagni are refers the fire. It can be heard, felt and seen.                                                                               

Air (Pavan)

The fourth element of panchmahabhuta is “air”, pavan in Sanskrit.  Air can be felt and heard only; one cannot see the air. In human body, the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body refers to Air. It is considered as one of the most important factor in Pranayama. 
    
Sky (Aakash)

The fifth and last element of panchmahabhuta is “space” which is translated in Sanskrit at aakash. Space is the medium of sound but is inaccessible to all other senses. And as in human body the Athma (Soul) refers to Space.                     

MEANING OF NATURE

                                                                                                                                                                                                    The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and in ancient times, literally meant "birth". Natura is a Latin translation of the Greek word physis , which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage continued during the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries.

Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" often refers to geology and wildlife. Nature can refer to the general realm of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects – the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth. It is often taken to mean the "natural environment" or wilderness–wild animals, rocks, forest, and in general those things that have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which persist despite human intervention. For example, manufactured objects and human interaction generally are not considered part of nature, unless qualified as, for example, "human nature" or "the whole of nature". This more traditional concept of natural things which can still be found today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial, with the artificial being understood as that which has been brought into being by a humanconsciousness or a human mind. Depending on the particular context, the term "natural" might also be distinguished from theunnatural or the supernatural.

SNOW VISION

Nature

 Lovely tree,
Yesterday
wild winds of winter combed
your black and twining hair.
When dawn blinked
You emerged 
softly capped in ermine,
star-kissed with diamonds. 
Wind's sharp breath caught in his throat 
and sun, stricken sun, 
can't turn his eye from you.
                                                                Rita Reed

BEAUTY OF NATURE